Sources and citations policy

Last updated: August 20, 2026

Preferred sources

• U.S. FDA labeling and drug-safety communications
• DailyMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine) product labeling
• MedlinePlus patient drug information and encyclopedia pages
• CDC pages for related public-health context (for example, shingles)
• DEA Diversion Control documents for federal scheduling status
• Official pregnancy-registry pages when labeling points to them

How citations appear

Medical articles include a Sources list with the document title, organization, and URL. We verify that those URLs respond successfully before we rely on them in a rewrite. If a URL later breaks, we update or remove the citation rather than leave a dead authority.

What we do not cite as primary evidence

Random health blogs, unsourced infographics, marketplace product pages, and other people’s gabapentin bottles. Secondary journalism may be used to locate a primary document, but the primary document is what we cite.

Uncertainty

When labeling says a mechanism is unknown, we say it is unknown. When human pregnancy data are limited, we say they are limited. Gaps are not filled with invented percentages.

Current core references

1. DailyMed: NEURONTIN (gabapentin) capsules, tablets, and oral solution — U.S. National Library of Medicine
2. DailyMed: GRALISE (gabapentin) tablets — U.S. National Library of Medicine
3. DailyMed: HORIZANT (gabapentin enacarbil) extended-release tablets — U.S. National Library of Medicine
4. MedlinePlus: Gabapentin — MedlinePlus / National Library of Medicine
5. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Neuralgia — MedlinePlus / National Library of Medicine
6. FDA Drug Safety Communication: serious breathing problems with gabapentin and pregabalin — U.S. Food and Drug Administration
7. FDA: Understanding unapproved use of approved drugs ("off-label") — U.S. Food and Drug Administration
8. CDC: Shingles (herpes zoster) signs and symptoms — Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
9. North American Antiepileptic Drug (NAAED) Pregnancy Registry — North American AED Pregnancy Registry
10. FDA prescribing information: GRALISE (gabapentin) — U.S. Food and Drug Administration
11. FDA prescribing information: HORIZANT (gabapentin enacarbil) — U.S. Food and Drug Administration
12. DEA Diversion Control: Gabapentin drug information — U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration
13. DEA: Controlled substance schedules — U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration

If you believe a citation is wrong or outdated, use the contact form.